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Biotin Hair Growth Supplement 12,000mcg with Coconut Oil | 400 High Strength Tablets for - 13 Month Supply Vitamin B7 Supports Normal Skin & Made in UK by EVO Nutrition

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Tong L: Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase: crucial metabolic enzyme and attractive target for drug discovery. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005, 62: 1784-1803. 10.1007/s00018-005-5121-4. c) I. Barr, J. A. Latham, A. T. Iavarone, T. Chantarojsiri, J. D. Hwang and J. P. Klinman, J. Biol. Chem., 2016, 291, 8877–8884 CrossRef CAS PubMed;

b) C. Ayala-Castro, A. Saini and F. W. Outten, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 2008, 72, 110–125 CrossRef CAS PubMed. d) M. J. Rudolph, M. M. Wuebbens, K. V. Rajagopalan and H. Schindelin, Nat. Struct. Biol., 2001, 8, 42–46 CrossRef CAS PubMed. Finally, the BC phylogeny indicates that UCA genes were acquired recently and independently by fungi and green algae from bacteria. Whereas eukaryotes have maintained the same domain structure than their bacterial counterparts for PYC, MCC, PCC and bacterial-type ACC, the components of eukaryotic ACC and UCA have fused to generate large polypeptides. Biotin-dependent carboxylases in Archaeae) M. Fischer, W. Romisch, S. Schiffmann, M. Kelly, H. Oschkinat, S. Steinbacher, R. Huber, W. Eisenreich, G. Richter and A. Bacher, J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 41410–41416 CrossRef CAS PubMed;

b) A. M. Gobe, R. Toro, X. Li, A. Ornelas, H. Fan, S. Eswaramoorthy, Y. Patskovsky, B. Hillerich, R. Seidel, A. Sali, B. K. Shoichet, S. C. Almo, S. Swaminathan, M. E. Tanner and F. M. Raushel, Biochemistry, 2013, 52, 6525–6536 CrossRef PubMed; Pendini NR, Bailey LM, Booker GW, Wilce MC, Wallace JC, Polyak SW: Microbial biotin protein ligases aid in understanding holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008, 1784: 973-982.

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The large distribution of biotin-dependent carboxylases and their remarkable mechanistic conservation has been interpreted as an evidence for the ancient origin of this enzyme family [ 46, 47]. However, phylogenetic analyses of biotin-dependent carboxylases carried so far were either restricted to some functions and taxonomic groups or used very limited taxonomic sampling [ 4, 9, 32, 47]. For the first time, here we studied the early evolution of the biotin-dependent carboxylases using a global phylogenomic approach in a wide range of taxonomic groups. Our results support the ancient origin of this family and give new insights on the evolutionary history of these protein domains and enzymes. In particular, we have observed that the domains of life are different with regard to the importance of the biotin-dependent carboxylases in their metabolism and evolution. Consequently, we will first discuss the evolution of these enzymes in each domain of life, prior to conclude on how our results provide information about the biotin-dependent carboxylase content in the cenancestor. Biotin-dependent carboxylases in Bacteria b) K. B. Muchowska, E. Chevallot-Beroux and J. Moran, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2019, 27, 2292–2297 CrossRef CAS PubMed. Alban C: Is plant biotin holocarboxylase synthetase a bifunctional enzyme?. C R Acad Sci III. 2000, 323: 681-688. a) H. A. Dailey, T. A. Dailey, S. Gerdes, D. Jahn, M. Jahn, M. R. O'Brian and M. J. Warren, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 2017, 81, e00048-16 CrossRef PubMed;

S. S. Abby, K. Kazemzadeh, C. Vragniau, L. Pelosi and F. Pierrel, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Bioenerg., 2020, 1861, 148259 CrossRef CAS PubMed. Full size image Phylogenetic analysis of the CT domains: The CoA-related carboxyl transferase (CCT) b) Q. Zhang, W. A. van der Donk and W. Liu, Acc. Chem. Res., 2012, 45, 555–564 CrossRef CAS PubMed; S. J. Moore, S. T. Sowa, C. Schuchardt, E. Deery, A. Lawrence, J. Vazquez Ramos, S. Billig, C. Birkemeyer, P. T. Chivers, M. J. Howard, S. E. J. Rigby, G. Layer and M. J. Warren, Nature, 2017, 543, 78–82 CrossRef CAS.Barker DF, Campbell AM: The birA gene of Escherichia coli encodes a biotin holoenzyme synthetase. J Mol Biol. 1981, 146: 451-467. 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90042-5. Barber MC, Price NT, Travers MT: Structure and regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes of metazoa. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005, 1733: 1-28. a) C. H. Verhees, S. W. M. Kengen, J. E. Tuininga, G. J. Schut, M. W. W. Adams, W. M. de Vos and J. van der Oost, Biochem. J., 2004, 377, 819–822 CrossRef CAS; b) C. Shen, L. Yang, S. L. Miller and J. Oró, J. Mol. Evol., 1990, 31, 167–174 CrossRef CAS PubMed.

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