Keebler M&M Cookies (1.6Oz., 30 Ct.)

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Engvig A, Fjell AM, Westlye LT, Moberget T, Sundseth Ø, Larsen VA, et al. Memory training impacts short-term changes in aging white matter: A Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33: 2390–2406. pmid:21823209

The present study was based on the premise that interventions designed to educate patients about the risks and benefits associated with different therapeutic options require a 2‐pronged approach, including simplification of educational materials to convey the essential gist (i.e., “bottom‐line” meaning) and assistance to patients in developing the health literacy/numeracy skills needed to process complex information (e.g., scientific uncertainty concerning medication risks/benefits) to derive that gist ( 16, 17). Thus, we examined the effectiveness of 2 innovative communication strategies, including DrugFactsBoxes and the Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART) program. DrugFactsBoxes were developed to enhance the usability of written consumer medication information (CMI), especially among individuals with limited health literacy/numeracy skills ( 18, 19, 20). The SMART program was developed to enhance patients' ability to understand and extract “bottom‐line” meaning (gist) from complex information, which we view as an essential health literacy skill ( 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27).

Chapman SB, Aslan S, Spence JS, Hart JJ, Bartz EK, Didehbani N, et al. Neural Mechanisms of Brain Plasticity with Complex Cognitive Training in Healthy Seniors. Cerebral Cortex. 2015;25: 396–405. pmid:23985135

Stanley ML, Dagenbach D, Lyday RG, Burdette JH, Laurienti PJ. Changes in global and regional modularity associated with increasing working memory load. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2014;8: 954. pmid:25520639 Kashtan N, Alon U. Spontaneous evolution of modularity and network motifs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2005;102: 13773–13778. The animated Keebler Elves, led by "Ernest J. 'Ernie' Keebler", rank among the best-known characters from commercials. [ citation needed] Ernie is the head elf and the friendliest of the bunch. [27] The elves have appeared in countless television advertisements throughout the years (most of them animated at FilmFair), shown baking their unique products. [28] In the commercials, the Keebler tree logo is often turned into the tree in which the elves reside.

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Gallen CL, Turner GR, Adnan A, D'Esposito M. Reconfiguration of brain network architecture to support executive control in aging. Neurobiology of Aging. 2016;44: 42–52. pmid:27318132 Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Loughead J, Ruparel K, Elliott MA, Hakonarson H, et al. Impact of in-scanner head motion on multiple measures of functional connectivity: Relevance for studies of neurodevelopment in youth. NeuroImage. 2012;60: 623–632. pmid:22233733

Meunier D, Lambiotte R, Fornito A, Ersche KD, Bullmore ET. Hierarchical modularity in human brain functional networks. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. 2010;3.Depictions of within- (left) and between- (right) module connections for SMART subjects with low (top) and high (bottom) brain network modularity. The presence or absence of a connection was calculated for each connection density threshold (i.e., an adjacency matrix) for the top 2–10% of connections in 2% increments. For illustration purposes, we then averaged the adjacency matrices over thresholds for each subject, where edges represent the proportion of thresholds for which a connection was present between two regions (ranging from 0 to 1). Brain regions are colored according to their module assignments in Power et al. (2011) and are grouped into sensory-motor and association cortex modules as defined in Chan et al. (2014). The subject with high modularity has many connections within modules and fewer connections between modules compared to the subject with low modularity. There's a huge variety of M&M's flavours and products to try. Shop the full range of M&M's here and find your new favourite M&M's chocolate candy. Modular brain network organization is thought to support both specialized functions through communication within network modules and globally-integrated functions through communication between network modules [ 40]. Previous studies have provided support for the importance of this global network property by demonstrating that brain network modularity measured during a ‘resting-state’ is correlated with working memory capacity [ 41], predicts perception on a trial-by-trial basis [ 31], and is altered with varying task demands [ 42]. These studies suggest that modular network organization is related to both trait- and state-like aspects of cognition (e.g., working memory capacity and perceptual success, respectively). Here, we add to this previous work by showing that higher network modularity may represent an optimal brain organization for improving cognitive functioning with training. The benefits of highly modular networks have been previously demonstrated in both theoretical and empirical work. For example, computational models have shown that modular networks evolve in response to varying task goals and that this organization allows for rapid adaptation to new environments [ 43]. Further, individuals with higher general intelligence exhibit smaller changes in functional connectivity between a ‘resting-state’ and performance of a task, suggesting that high performing individuals have a more ‘optimal’ network organization at rest that supports more efficient changes in connectivity during task performance [ 44]. In the context of cognitive interventions, individuals with a more modular brain network organization may require less reconfiguration to achieve an ‘optimal’ state that allows for cognitive gains from training.

Betzel RF, Byrge L, He Y, Goñi J, Zuo XN, Sporns O. Changes in structural and functional connectivity among resting-state networks across the human lifespan. NeuroImage. 2014;102: 345–357. pmid:25109530 Vatansever D, Menon DK, Manktelow AE, Sahakian BJ, Stamatakis EA. Default Mode Dynamics for Global Functional Integration. Journal of Neuroscience. 2015;35: 15254–15262. pmid:26586814

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The improvements in informed decision‐making in this study were driven by increases in knowledge, which was the only component of informed decision‐making that differed between the SMART and no SMART groups at the 6‐month follow‐up. This finding is noteworthy because the SMART program did not provide any content that would have increased patient knowledge concerning RA treatment options directly. Rather, the program is designed to enhance gist reasoning ability, which we view as an essential health literacy skill ( 24). We observed transient improvements in our measures of gist reasoning ability (i.e., complex abstraction and lesson quality) at the 3‐month follow‐up. Although these differences were not sustained at the 6‐month follow‐up, they may have been sufficient to facilitate uptake of medication information at earlier time points and facilitate decision‐making. A) Relationship between baseline whole-brain modularity and change in performance on the TOSL, calculated as the difference of post-training and pre-training (i.e., ‘baseline’), in Control (grey) and SMART (green) groups. Here, modularity values were calculated for each connection density threshold and averaged for each subject. (B) Relationship between baseline modularity and change in performance on the TOSL for each connection density threshold in each group. Citation: Gallen CL, Baniqued PL, Chapman SB, Aslan S, Keebler M, Didehbani N, et al. (2016) Modular Brain Network Organization Predicts Response to Cognitive Training in Older Adults. PLoS ONE 11(12): Schultz, Clark (July 29, 2019). "Kellogg closes on Keebler sale". Seeking Alpha . Retrieved August 12, 2019.