Top Trumps Volcanoes Card Game

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This Top Cards: Endangered Animals Game is a fantastic interactive way to support your teaching on endangered animals. And, just like our volcano top trumps cards, each card comes complete with a picture and key facts. Deadliness. 1000. The 1883 eruption was one of the deadliest on record – with many tens of thousands of people killed both by the hot pyroclastic flows, that rushed off the flanks of the collapsing volcano, and skittered across the sea, causing havoc for people living along the nearby coastline; and also by the huge tsunamis that were triggered as the volcano collapsed into the emptying magma chamber, forming a huge flooded caldera.

Santorini.earth.ox.ac.uk– an introduction to a recent minor episode of unrest on Santorini, in 2011-2012.Vesuvius– one of the best known volcanoes in the world – has been dormant since its last eruption in 1944. It looms over the sprawling city of Naples, in central Italy, and is watched closely by scientists from the Osservatorio Vesuviano– the world’s oldest volcano observatory. Height.Height in metres above sea level ( Between 0 and 5897). This presented an interesting dilemma: do we take the measurement from sea level to the summit. or, in the case of volcanoes which are also islands, should we measure the height all the way from the sea floor? Ocean island volcanoes begin their lives as submarine volcanoes and eventually emerge from the sea and continue to grow by eruption. This means their true height could be much larger than those of continental volcanoes. Mauna Kea, in Hawaii for example rises 4,205 metres above sea level, but 10,200 metres from its ocean base to its summit – that’s nearly 2 kilometres taller than Mount Everest! To keep it simple, our statistics are actual heights, in metres abovesea level, taken from the Smithsonian Global Institution Global Volcanism Program. We used the Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program Eruptive Record calculate the average size (VEI) of eruptions, and multiplied it by the range of that number. We also factored in the number of eruptions that it has had. This way, a volcano that has had a lot of eruptions all of the same size will have a low unpredictability, while a volcano that is less well known and may have had both large and small eruptions will have a high unpredictability. Beautiful image of a typical strombolian explosion at Yasur volcano, Tanna island, Vanuatu. Credit: Derya Gürer (distributed via imaggeo.egu.eu)

The historical record of activity at Fuji is long, with eruptions known since 781 AD, and many more eruptions known from the geological record. Fuji last erupted in December 1707. Fun fact– One of the many disaster movies about volcanoes is ‘ Krakatoa, East of Java‘, released in 1969. As well as mis-spelling the name of the volcano, Krakatau is, of course, west of Java!The crater of Vesuvius, before the eruption of 1767. Engraving by Ambroise Tardieu. Photo by David Pyle. Wow! Factor– 84 The combination of its imposing height, snowcap and its symmetrical cone, ensure that Cotopaxi is a relatively high scorer for Wow! Factor.