Witchcraft 5 - Dance With The Devil [DVD]

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In the 15th century, the " Malleus Maleficarum," translated to "The Hammer of Witches," by Heinrich Kramer popularized the idea that witchcraft is to perform evil acts and spells, particularly against men.

Witchcraft, as most commonly understood in both historical and present-day communities, is the use of alleged supernatural powers of magic. A witch is a practitioner of witchcraft. Traditionally, "witchcraft" means the use of magic or supernatural powers to inflict harm or misfortune on others, and this remains the most common and widespread meaning. [1] :ix [2] According to Encyclopedia Britannica, "Witchcraft thus defined exists more in the imagination of contemporaries than in any objective reality. Yet this stereotype has a long history and has constituted for many cultures a viable explanation of evil in the world." [3] The belief in witchcraft has been found in a great number of societies worldwide. Anthropologists have applied the English term "witchcraft" to similar beliefs in occult practices in many different cultures, and societies that have adopted the English language have often internalised the term. [4] [2] [5] Wall, Leon and William Morgan, Navajo-English Dictionary. Hippocrene Books, New York City, 1998 ISBN 0781802474. a b c Jasper Buse (1995). Cook Islands Maori Dictionary. Cook Islands Ministry of Education. ISBN 978-0728602304. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016 . Retrieved 27 February 2016.Khaldûn, Ibn (2015). The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History (Abridgeded.). Princeton University Press. p.578. ISBN 978-0691166285. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021 . Retrieved 4 May 2021. Witchcraft is also an incredibly creative act, and the more personal one gets with their practice, the more powerful the results are," said Grossman. "There's an artfulness to it. There's a playfulness to it. There's a joyfulness to it, and I think we all need more of each of those things in our lives." Lastly, in Zulu culture, healers known as sangomas protect people from witchcraft and evil spirits through divination and ancestral connections. [97] However, concerns arise regarding the training and authenticity of some sangomas. In ancient Mesopotamian religion, witches (m. kaššāpu, f. kaššāptu, from kašāpu ['to bewitch'] [59]) eventually [ when?] came to be "regarded as an anti-social and illegitimate practitioner of destructive magic ... whose activities were motivated by malice and evil intent and who was opposed by the ašipu, an exorcist or incantation-priest", [60] :65–66 who were predominantly male representatives of the official state religion. [60] The individuals mentioned in records of Mesopotamian society as witches tended to be those of low status who were weak or otherwise marginalized, including women, foreigners, actors, and peddlers. [1] :49

The views of witchcraft in North America have evolved through an interlinking history of cultural beliefs and interactions. These forces contribute to complex and evolving views of witchcraft. Today, North America hosts a diverse array of beliefs about witchcraft. [102] [103] Alas, by the 16th century, a Christian-led obsession with the power of the devil and the need for vigilance against sin brought these wise people under the spotlight and deemed them guilty by association. All of it was “witchcraft”! Thus began a shameful chapter of witch persecution and execution through the 16th and 17th centuries (think: the Salem witch trials). Abusch, Tzvi (2002). Mesopotamian Witchcraft: Toward a History and Understanding of Babylonian Witchcraft Beliefs and Literature. Brill Styx. ISBN 9789004123878.

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Whitaker, Kati (September 2012). "Ghana witch camps: Widows' lives in exile". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018 . Retrieved 1 September 2012. From there, the condemnation of witches continued to grow as witchcraft became a heretical crime. The "Malleus Maleficarum" spurred centuries long witch-hunts and trials within Europe, codifying folklore into fact. A witch who works alone and under their own steam rather than with a group of other witches. A solitary witch can follow one particular branch of witchcraft or a combination. Hereditary Witch

Ebola outbreak: 'Witchcraft' hampering treatment, says doctor". BBC News. London: BBC. 2 August 2014. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021 . Retrieved 22 June 2018. citing a doctor from Médecins Sans Frontières: 'A widespread belief in witchcraft is hampering efforts to halt the Ebola virus from spreading' West, Harry G. Ethnographic Sorcery (p. 24); 2007. The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226893983 (pbk.). For Pam Grossman, author of "Waking the Witch: Reflections on Women, Magic, and Power," witchcraft is a spiritual and creative practice of personal change and bringing about change in the world. Grossman had been interested in magic, mythology and fairy tales since childhood, and with age, her connection grew deeper. This includes Halloween, or in the Pagan community, "Samhain." It is seen as the time when the veil between the physical and spirit worlds is thinnest. "So, it's a time of honoring our ancestors and connecting with the spirit world," said Grossman. McNeill, F. Marian (1957). The Silver Bough: A Four Volume Study of the National and Local Festivals of Scotland. Vol.1. Edinburgh: Canongate Books. ISBN 978-0862412319.We can define witchcraft as a series of beliefs that were put together by intellectual means," he said. Russell, Jeffrey Burton. "Witchcraft". Britannica.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013 . Retrieved 29 June 2013. One pivotal text that shaped the witch-hunts was the Malleus Maleficarum, a 1486 treatise that provided a framework for identifying, prosecuting, and punishing witches. The burgeoning influence of the Catholic Church [ citation needed] led to a wave of witch trials across Europe. Usually, accusations of witchcraft were made by neighbours and followed from social tensions. Accusations often targeted marginalized individuals, including women, the elderly, and those who did not conform to societal norms. Women made accusations as often as men. The common people believed that magical healers (called ' cunning folk' or 'wise people') could undo bewitchment. Hutton says that healers and cunning folk "were sometimes denounced as witches, but seem to have made up a minority of the accused in any area studied". [1] :24-25 The witch-craze reached its peak between the 16th and 17th centuries, resulting in the execution of tens of thousands of people. This dark period of history reflects the confluence of superstition, fear, and authority, as well as the societal tendency to find scapegoats for complex problems. A Global Issue that Demands Action" (PDF). the Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS) Vienna Liaison Office. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2014 . Retrieved 7 June 2014. Saudi woman beheaded for 'witchcraft and sorcery' ". Edition.cnn.com. 13 December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020 . Retrieved 7 June 2014.